Slenium已死？
乙醇 创建于 about 1 year 之前
最后更新: about 1 year 之前
阅读数: 2310
selenium已死？其他的框架例如playwright, cypress当立？这是去年一个广泛讨论的话题。对于我来说这个观点很明显是偏颇的，因为
- selenium本身已经成为了w3c规范的一部分，现在市面上所有的浏览器都遵循这个规范
- selenium本来就不是一个纯测试工具，它是为自动化而生，除了浏览器测试之外，selenium还有很广泛的用途，而playwright/cypress则更专精于测试领域
- selenium的api相当稳定，对于一些需要长期维护的项目来说这是非常有诱惑力的，而我去年用playwright做了一个项目，今年由于api升级，去年的代码基本上已经完全不可用了
所以对我来说，selenium尽管已经徐娘半老，吸引力大不如前，但在某些场景下，selenium仍然会是我的首选工具，就像是vb/php一样，尽管大家都已经看衰很多年了，但这些技术一直没有落幕退场。
selenium官方可能也察觉到了这些广泛的讨论，昨天他们官网blog发了一篇文章，直接讨论selenium与其他工具的情感纠葛，上下文可能是不少人发博文比较selenium与其他工具，然后标题党一下，使得大家产生错觉：selenium真的已经快死翘翘了。这篇内容专业简洁，适合给大家消除误解，原文地址：https://www.selenium.dev/blog/2024/selenium-vs-blog-posts/。
下面是全文翻译。
这篇博文讨论了那些比较Selenium、Cypress和Playwright的标题党文章。这些文章没有意义，也没有帮助。
作者：David Burns (@AutomatedTester) | 2024年1月9日星期二
在博文中，关于自动化测试的标题党文章最容易的方式就是将Selenium与其他工具进行比较，并配以一个吸引人的标题，尤其是当它贬低现有工具时。
不幸的是，这可能会使人们对这些产品中的哪些功能可用产生困惑，尤其是当我们进行同类的过度类比时。
Selenium一直是一个很好的浏览器自动化工具。对于该项目来说，幸运的是，它已经成为测试Web应用程序的首选工具近20年。该项目专注于构建越来越复杂的浏览器自动化的难点。项目的重点一直是稳定的API和可扩展性，以保证Selenium的运行。它没有关注人们如何进行测试，因为有非常好的测试框架可用，并且为5种不同的编程语言进行测试是一项非常重要的工程工作。
然而，这些博文中经常出现一些误解。
与Playwright和Cypress相比，设置浏览器和驱动程序太困难
过去确实如此，因为您需要下载驱动程序。对于GeckoDriver和SafariDriver来说，这并不太糟糕，因为它们可以优雅地处理浏览器升级。另一方面，对于基于Chromium的浏览器，您需要为每个新版本更新驱动程序。
现在，Selenium已经自动处理了这个问题。如果找不到ChromeDriver或EdgeDriver，它将使用Selenium Manager进行下载。自首次发布以来，它已经有了很大的改进，现在可能是最好的选择，因为最新版本的Selenium甚至可以下载并使用浏览器。与Playwright和Cypress相比，您不需要更新对Selenium的依赖以更新浏览器和驱动程序，您仍然使用与您的客户相同的浏览器，并且切换版本变得轻而易举：您也不必更改您正在使用的测试框架。此外，让我们不要忘记它使用的是Google推荐用于测试的浏览器。
设置Test Runner 是一项艰巨的工作，而Playwright和Cypress已经内置了...
嗯...也许吧？使用Selenium设置端到端测试框架并不像一些人所认为的那么困难。真正困难的部分实际上是确保驱动程序位于正确的位置，我们已经解决了上面讨论的问题。一旦完成了这一步骤，Selenium的方法允许您使用您最熟悉的任何测试框架。如果您希望使用“全家桶”方法，将Selenium与Test Runner紧密集成，那么诸如SeleniumBase、Nightwatch、Serenity等使用Selenium的众多项目可能是适合您的工具。
需要注意的一点是，Playwright是与Selenium类似的唯一的多语言浏览器自动化框架。然而，如果您不使用TypeScript或JavaScript，仍然需要自己设置Test Runner。一些测试框架具有自动设置可能需要的Fixture的插件。在JavaScript/TypeScript领域，如果您真的需要一个内置的Test Runner，那么像NightwatchJS这样的下游项目和像WebdriverIO这样的相关项目就可以满足您的需求。下游项目使用我们的库，相关项目有自己的库，但仍遵循WebDriver标准。
Playwright和Cypress可以进行网络拦截，并允许我编写事件驱动的代码，而Selenium不能
自从Selenium 4发布以来，它已经能够提供这个功能。它非常好，以至于Playwright甚至建议您使用它来扩展您的测试。Selenium项目不会很快删除这些功能，因为我们依赖于WebDriver BiDi规范的实现来替代它们。即使如此，Selenium始终致力于确保升级不会在没有足够警告的情况下破坏任何功能。这就是为什么每种编程语言都提供了高级封装，例如NetworkInterceptor，以隔离您的测试与底层技术的关系。
总结
从上面的内容可以看出，Selenium仍然与市面上的产品一样出色。与Cypress或Playwright不同的是，Selenium是一个由志愿者驱动的项目，而不是商业支持的项目。想要帮助我们吗？为什么不撰写一篇关于您如何使用上述功能的博文，或在社交媒体上发布这些功能如何使您的生活更轻松的帖子呢？
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